Over the past 20+ years, California’s public school system has been under attack by corporate advocacy groups and the school privatization advocacy sector. Efforts to secure the funding necessary for high-quality public education have been repeatedly thwarted. Meanwhile, public schools have been further undermined by charter schools being provided with preferential status.
Below are some of the key bills and ballot measures that have shaped policy in this area. Click on them to learn more about what they did, or could have done, and who supported and opposed them.
2005-06
This bill sought to raise between $1.7 and $2.2 billion in funding for schools by reinstating the 10% and 11% personal income tax brackets for high-income taxpayers and increasing the alternative minimum tax rates to 8.5%.
Results
Died in Assembly
Supporters
A group of large labor, education stakeholder, and other organizations, including (as of 5/13/05):
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO
California Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO
California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO
California National Organization for Women
California School Employees Association
California Tax Reform Association
Child Care Law Center
Friends Committee on Legislation of California
Jericho
League of Women Voters of California
Opponents
The California Chamber of Commerce, 3 local Chambers of Commerce, the California Taxpayers’ Association, and the National Federation of Independent Business (as of 5/13/05).
2005-06
This bill would have added negative fiscal impact to the reasons that a school district may cite as the basis for refusing to initially improve a charter school, and would also have allowed a school district to require that a charter school describe how it will provide free and reduced-price meals to eligible pupils as a condition for initial charter approval.
Results
Passed Senate 22-13
Passed Assembly 45-31
Vetoed by Governor Schwarzenegger
Supporters
A group of the largest statewide education stakeholder organizations and large school districts, including (as of 8/8/06):
Association of California School Administrators
California Association of School Business Officials
California Federation of Teachers
California School Boards Association
California School Employees Association
California State PTA
California Teachers Association
Los Angeles County Office of Education
Los Angeles Unified School District
Santa Clara County Office of Education
Opponents
California Charter Schools Association and 19 other organizations, primarily individual charter schools (as of 8/8/06).
2009-10
This bill sought to make California eligible for the federal school privatization initiative, Race to the Top, by—among other things—eliminating the statutory limit on charter schools in the state.
Results
Passed Assembly 45-17
Passed Senate 27-7
Signed by Governor Schwarzenegger
Supporters
As of 11/3/09:
Alliance for a Better Community
California Business for Education Excellence
Board of Supervisors of the County of Los Angeles
Families in Schools
Fresno Unified School District, Superintendent
Long Beach Unified School District
Board of Education of the City of Los Angeles
Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce
Los Angeles County Office of Education
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office
Los Angeles Unified School District
Orange County Business Council
Parent Institute for Quality Education
San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce
Valley Industry and Commerce Association
Youth Policy Institute
Opponents
As of 11/3/09:
American Federation of Teachers
Association of California School Administrators
California Federation of Teachers
California School Employees Association
2009-10
These bills sought to make California eligible for the federal school privatization initiative, Race to the Top, by—among other things—eliminating the statutory limit on charter schools in the state and paving the way for more public schools to be converted to charter schools.
Results
Passed Assembly 41-27
Passed Senate 23-11
Signed by Governor Schwarzenegger
Supporters
As of 1/4/10:
County of Los Angeles, Sacramento Legislative Office
Opponents
As of 1/4/10:
California Labor Federation
California School Boards Association
Small School Districts' Association
2009-10
This bill would have made charter schools subject to the same open meeting, public records, and conflict of interest laws as public schools.
Results
Passed Senate 21-14
Passed Assembly 51-27
Vetoed by Governor Schwarzenegger
Supporters
A group of the largest statewide education stakeholder organizations, large school districts, and other organizations including (as of 9/2/09):
California School Boards Association
Antioch Unified School District
Association of California School Administrators
California Association of School Business Officials
California Federation of Teachers
California School Employees Association
California State PTA
California Teachers Association
Fresno Unified School District
Grizzly Challenge Charter School
Kern County Superintendent of Schools
Los Angeles Unified School District
Orange County Department of Education
Palos Verdes Unified School District
Public Advocates
Saddleback Valley Unified School District
San Bernardino County Office of Education
San Diego County Office of Education
San Francisco Unified School District
Santa Clara County Office of Education
St. Helena Unified School District
Opponents
As of 9/2/09, only the California Charter Schools Association.
2009-10
This bill would have established various academic and fiscal accountability standards related to charter schools, including prohibiting a charter school from being operated as or by a for-profit corporation and requiring authorizers to consider, in renewing a charter, the extent to which a charter school serves a student population that is similar to the local school district population.
Results
Passed Assembly 49-27
Died in Senate
Supporters
The largest statewide education stakeholder organizations, including (as of 6/29/10):
California Federation of Teachers
California School Boards Association
California School Employees Association
California Teachers Association
Opponents
As of 6/29/10:
Association of Personalized Learning Schools and Services
K12 Inc
2011-12
This bill would have required charter schools to comply with the same suspension and expulsion procedures as public schools.
Results
Died in Assembly
Supporters
(as of 4/9/12):
Los Angeles Unified School District
American Civil Liberties Union
California School Boards Association
California Teachers Association
Riverside County School Superintendents' Association
San Francisco Unified School District
Opponents
(as of 4/9/12):
Charter Schools Development Center
2011-12
This bill would have allowed school districts, counties, cities, county offices of education, and community college districts to impose local taxes with voter approval.
Results
Died in Senate
Supporters
16 labor organizations, school districts, and other organizations, including (as of 6/10/11):
American Federation of State, County, Municipal Employees
California Federation of Teachers
California Labor Federation
California Nurses Association
California Public Defenders Association
California School Employees Association
California State Association of Counties
California State Parent, Teacher Association
Laborers' Locals 777 & 792
Los Angeles Unified School District
San Bernardino Unified School District
San Diego County Court Employees Association
San Francisco Unified School District
Service Employees International Union, State Council
Yolo County
Opponents
56 corporate advocacy groups and other organizations, including (as of 6/10/11):
2012
This ballot initiative sought to: (1) increase the state sales tax from 7.25% to 7.50% for a period of four years; (2) create new tax brackets and tax rates for incomes exceeding $250,000 for a period of seven years; and (3) distribute the revenue from the tax increases to K-12 schools and community colleges.
Spending in Support
$103.2M
Spending in Opposition
$96.2M
Results
Passed 55%/45%
Supporters
Spent $103.2 million, with the biggest spenders being:
California Teachers Association
$17.5M
California State Council of SEIU
$10.4M
Democratic State Central Committee of California
$7.5M
Opponents
Spent $96.2 million, with the biggest spenders being Charlie Munger, Jr. ($51.9 million) and two organizations affiliated with the Koch brothers’ national, “dark money” network: Small Business Action Committee PAC ($17.1 million) and Americans for Job Security ($16.3 million).
Another significant contributor was “Protect Prop. 13: A Project of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association” ($443K).
2013-14
This bill established a new K-12 funding system called the Local Control Funding Formula that provided additional funding for schools serving English learners, students eligible for free or reduced price meals, and youth in foster care.
Results
Passed Senate 28-10
Passed Assembly 65-12
Signed by Governor Brown
2015-16
This bill would have made charter schools subject to the same open meeting, public records, and conflict of interest laws as public schools.
Results
Passed Senate 21-13
Passed Assembly 46-31
Vetoed by Governor Brown
Supporters
A group of the largest education stakeholder organizations, among others, including (as of 8/11/16):
California School Employees Association
California Teachers Association
Association of California School Administrators
California Association of School Business Officials
California Federation of Teachers
California Labor Federation
California School Boards Association
California State PTA
LIUNA Local 777
Public Advocates
San Francisco Unified School District
School Employers Association of California
Opponents
As of 8/11/16, only the following:
Charter Schools Development Center
KIPP LA Schools
Letters from individuals
2017-18
This bill prohibits a charter school from operating as, or by, a for-profit corporation.
Results
Passed Senate 28-7
Passed Assembly 60-16
Signed by Governor Brown
Supporters
A group of the largest education stakeholder organizations, among others, including (as of 6/27/18):
California Federation of Teachers
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
Association of California School Administrators
California Labor Federation
California School Boards Association
California School Employees Association
California State PTA
California Teachers Association
Public Advocates
United Educators of San Francisco
Opponents
As of 6/27/18:
California Parents for Public Virtual Education
Charter Schools Development Center
K-12, Inc.
2017-18
This bill would have made charter schools subject to the same open meeting, public records, and conflict of interest laws as public schools.
Results
Passed Assembly 76-0
Died in Senate
Supporters
A group of the largest education stakeholder organizations, among others, including (as of 8/30/18):
California School Boards Association
California Teachers Association
American Civil Liberties Union of California
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
Anaheim Secondary Teachers Association
Association of California School Administrators
California Association of School Business Officials
California Federation of Teachers
California State Conference of the NAACP
California State PTA
Public Counsel
San Diego Education Association
School for Integrated Academics and Technologies
United Teachers Los Angeles
Opponents
As of 8/30/18, only the following:
2018
In a demonstration of the school privatization advocacy sector’s enormous financial muscle, former President of Green Dot charter schools, Marshall Tuck, received $80 million from just two sources, a staggering amount for the position of State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Results
Tuck finished second to Tony Thurmond with 49% of the vote
Supporters
Funders of Marshall Tuck’s campaign:
$74.4M
$5.6M
2019-20
This bill would have prohibited the approval of new charter schools because of concerns that the expansion of charter schools was having a negative impact on surrounding public schools.
Results
Died in Senate
Supporters
A diverse group of racial justice organizations, labor unions, school districts, and others, including (as of 5/23/19):
California National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
California School Employees Association
California Teachers Association
Alliance for Boys and Men of Color
Alliance of California for Community Empowerment
Alliance San Diego
California Federation of Teachers
California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO
California State Association of Electrical Workers
California State Pipe Trades Council
California State PTA
California Teamsters Public Affairs Council
Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy
Pasadena Unified School District
PolicyLink
Reclaim Our Schools LA
San Francisco Unified School District Schools
LA Students Deserve
United Teachers of Los Angeles
United Teachers of Richmond
West Contra Costa Unified School District
Western States Council Sheet Metal, Air, Rail & Transportation
Opponents
173 charter schools, charter school networks, and other organizations, including (as of 5/23/19):
2020
Proposed amending the California State Constitution to require commercial and industrial properties, except those zoned as commercial agriculture, to be taxed based on their market value, providing $6.5 billion to $11.5 billion in new annual funding to local governments and schools.
Spending in Support
$103.2M
Spending in Opposition
$94.3M
Results
Defeated 52%/48%
Supporters
Spent $103.2 million, with the biggest supporters being:
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
$32.0M
California Teachers Association Issues PAC
$24.5M
SEIU California State Council
$7.8M
SEIU Local 2015 Issues PAC
$4.2M
Yes on 15 - Schools and Communities First Sponsored by a Coalition of Labor Groups and Social Justice Organizations Representing Families, Students and Essential Workers
$2.5M
SEIU Local 1021 Issues PAC
$2.5M
Opponents
Spent $94.3 million, with the biggest spenders being:
Boston Properties
$1.9M
California Taxpayers Association
$1.8M
NextEra Energy
$1.6M
Other prominent opponents included the California Farm Bureau ($930K), California Chamber of Commerce ($635K), Walmart ($444K), California Restaurant Association ($383K), Western Growers Association ($313K), Western Manufactured Housing Communities ($249K), California Retailers Association ($247K), Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America ($185K), and Bank of America ($123K).
2023-24
This bill would have given local school districts additional grounds to show that they are not positioned to absorb the fiscal impact of a proposed charter school.
Results
Died in Senate
Supporters
A group of large education stakeholders and school districts, including (as of 5/20/24):
California Education Partners
California Federation of Teachers
California School Employees Association
California Teachers Association
Castro Valley Unified School District
Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District
Hayward Unified School District
Lynwood Unified School District
Modesto City Schools
Oakland Unified School District
Pittsburg Unified School District
San Diego Unified School District
San Francisco Unified School District
San Jose Unified School District
San Leandro Unified School District
California School Boards Association
Napa Valley Unified School District
Vallejo City Unified School District
Alameda County Office of Education
Brentwood Union School District
Opponents
132 charter schools, charter school networks, and other organizations, including (as of 5/20/24) California Charter Schools Association.
Where are we now?
If not for this small group of corporate and school privatization advocacy groups, California could have had a thriving education system offering excellent and equitable education to all students across the state for the past 20 years.
Instead, while California has taken other strides to improve school funding (such as through Prop. 30 and the Local Control Funding Formula), California still ranks 36th out of 50 states in K-12 education funding as a percentage of taxpayer income (World Population Review). Moreover, California’s public schools have been forced into direct competition with an extremely well-funded and increasingly powerful charter school sector that is not required to follow the same rules as public schools. As a result, between 2012 and 2021, nearly 700 public schools across the state were closed, resulting in approximately 167,000 students being displaced (Policy Analysis for California Education).
In other words, California’s public schools have been set up to fail, causing irreparable harm to students, families, and communities across the state already, with the potential implications even more severe in the years ahead.